minus 50 degrees celsius, but the debate over sovereignty is heating up to russia, norway, denmark, canada, in the u.s. on a territorial claims here. but the boundaries are disputed. that dispute is being felt that the international arctic forum in moscow. the conference program is concerned with climate change, but political and economic interests are foremost. >> today more than ever we need an approach to the geography here that concerns national interests. the objectives of the form is included in its name. the arctic territory of dialogue. >> at stake are vast deposits of natural resources that geologists believe may be located here, possibly as much as one-third of the earth's _ oil and gas reserves. russia has long reserved interest in the polar region. in 2007, russian expedition planted russian flags 4,000 meters down at the seat ahead of the north pole. >> we defend our interests in the arctic with all the civilian instruments permitted by international agreements. and i do not think it would estimate to a confrontation. even though some countries need to be able to inject more p